A type of cancer treatment known as immunotherapy makes use of the immune system to fight the disease. Today, immunotherapy is used to treat a variety of cancers, frequently in conjunction with other medications, and clinical trials are looking into ways to increase and broaden the effectiveness of this treatment. Patients with these cancers may not all be candidates for immunotherapy. Its use as part of routine treatment depends on a number of variables, including the genetic make-up of the tumor cells, the stage of the cancer, and how well it responded to earlier therapies, for example. A vaccine made of a live, weakened bacteria known as bacillus Calmette-Guérin is frequently administered to patients with early-stage, moderate- to high-grade (quite fast-growing) malignancies. By inducing an immune attack on the bacteria and adjacent cancer cells, the vaccination lowers the likelihood of bladder cancer recurrence. Atezolizumab or pembrolizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors, may be given to some patients with advanced metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in addition to chemotherapy. Clinical trials are still being conducted to examine immunotherapies for early-stage and other breast cancer subtypes.
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